There are some ways that I will tell you to overcome on this problem from my own experience of competitive exams in which I was able to secure high rank. Many aspirants apply following two ways to learn and I’m no different.
The first way to remember what you read to understand it properly whatever you have read or study. To Improve understanding of any topic no matter what that topic is, is to first understand it from the basics and go deep to the understanding. To achieve this task, always try to use simpler books on your desired subjects. Lots of students choose complex book on the subject to study and understand the topic but often students don’t get to understand the subject.
The second way to remember, you have to be able to explain the subject to someone else. As soon as you start explaining your desired subjects someone else, you would figure out quickly what you don’t know and what the gaps are.